Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship and influence of parents’family interaction, parenting efficacy, and child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Methods: 1,418 children and their parents, and survey data from a panel study on Korean children (2014), were used to analyze the structural equation model. Results: First, the mother s family interaction had direct influence on their parenting efficacy, as well as their child s internalization and externalization. Second, the father s family interaction had a direct influence only on the internal problem behaviors of the child, and child external problem behaviors were influenced through the father s parenting efficacy. Third, parenting efficacy mediated the effects of family interaction on the problem behavior of children. Especially, the father s family interaction was found to affect child variables through the mother s parenting efficacy. Finally, the internalizing problem behaviors of the child mediated the effects of the parents’family interaction and parenting efficacy on child externalizing problem behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study are significant in that the factors of father, mother, and child are interrelated, and that parent interaction has varying influence on the problems of their children.