This study examined the mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between adolescent social bonding and self leadership. In addition, the relationship between variables tried to verify the protection of between the poverty perceptions adolescents of correctional facility and the general youth. For the research, the panel data was collected through the data archive of children and adolescents in 2015. As a result, the poverty perceptions adolescents with higher social bonding and higher self-esteem showed improvement in self-leadership, and the relationship between social bonding and self-leadership revealed mediating effect of self-esteem. The analysis of differences between the two groups showed that the group of adolescents of correctional facility had lower social bonding and lower self-esteem than the group of general adolescents, but there was no difference in self-leadership. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish an individual intervention strategy that incorporates intensive support and counseling theory for adolescents of correctional facility and the general youth.