National policies are the ways in which the state cultivates everyday lives by distributing its values and must be signified and rationalized by particular statements. In this vein, a critical discourse analysis of them is significant for understanding and criticizing the process in which the state constructs everyday lives. In particular, rural educational policy discourses need to be analyzed critically given that the national intervention into the rural education is influential upon transforming the realities of rural areas that have suffered from vicious circle of population hollowing and educational gap. From such a perspective, this research aims to conduct critical discourse analysis of rural educational policies during the LeeMyeongPark government and ParkGeunHye government.
As the result of analysis, it is revealed that the rural educational policies during the two consecutive governments had formed the order of discourse of “optimal size school”, regardless of the difference in school level. Though the ‘Boarding high school’ and ‘Jeonwon(Country) school’ policy discourse at the initial period of Lee Government signified ‘optimal size’ as the negative condition of the two policies, the later policy discourse of the ‘optimal size school’ upbringing policy had stipulated small size school as the educational condition of abnormal curriculum and had positively rationalized the intensive support for a few chosen school as well as the school integration. Furthemore, as preemptive response to student population hollowing, the integration of district office of education as well as small size school had been signified and rationalized within the neoliberal discourse of choice, focus, and competitive performance. Eventually, such order of discourse had caused a few chosen schools to be supported exclusively by educational infrastructure, and the other schools to be excluded from it.