The purpose of this study is to investigate the developmental trajectory of adolescents’ community social capital and self-esteem, and the relationships between community social capital and self-esteem, through a longitudinal research. The data was drawn from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS), a longitudinal panel study of elementary school students in the forth grader(wave 4, wave 6, wave 7). The trajectory of community social capital and self-esteem were analyzed through the unconditional model of the latent growth modelling, and the effect of community social capital on self-esteem was analyzed through the conditional modelling. The results of the study indicated. First, there was statistically significant developmental trajectory of self-esteem had decreased over time. Also the developmental trajectory of community social capital has decreased and then increased. Second, the community social capital did statistically significantly affect the initial value of self-esteem, the community social capital significantly positively affects change in self-esteem. Based on the results of the study, possible implications for improving community social capital and self-esteem of adolescents and recommendations for further study are provided.