Neuroimaging techniques such fMRI and PET provide in-vivo evidence of the human brain and contribute to advancing neurophysiological knowledge regarding the relationships between music and emotion. This systematic literature review examines the existing neuroimaging studies related to emotions induced by music, summarizing the measurement tools used, features of the music stimuli, and the types of induced emotions in the studies. Through a thorough literature search across research databases and then conducting a quality assessment of selected studies, a total of 32 studies were finally selected for the current study. The results show that there were 27 fMRI studies, 3 PET studies, and 2 studies using both methods. Music stimuli used in those studies were the latest pop music, classical music, film music, participant-selected music, consonance/dissonance, original/manipulated music, major/minor tone and so on. Induced emotions were familiarity/preference, fear/pleasure, sadness/happiness, chills/reward, and valence/arousal. It was reported a wide range of brain regions is activated in response to music: the limbic system, structures around the limbic system, and wide regions of the cerebral cortex. Regarding neurotransmitter, dopamine was released in striatum. This study contributes to forming a higher-level, cross-disciplinary view of how music works for human emotion by building practical knowledge inside and outside of music therapy.