Fine metalwork typically refers to all ancient accessories that were fabricated from precious metals, such as gold or silver, using highly advanced and skilled techniques. It is thought that the central political forces maintained their power structure and achieved control over the local provinces by granting highly valued and socially important items of fine metalwork to the regional elite.
However, studies have yet to be actively carried out on where or how these items of fine metalwork were produced, exchanged, and used, as well as on the processes they experienced prior to burial into tombs. This study therefore analyzed the production techniques of belt ornaments with openwork dragon patterns, which were spread throughout the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago during the Three Kingdoms and Kofun Periods, in order to approach the issue of the production and distribution of these fine metalwork items.
The results of the analysis make it possible to speculate that active information exchange took place among craftspeople (or crafts workshops) that had been involved in the production of the belt ornaments with openwork dragon patterns excavated in both Korea and Japan, and that the crafts workshops were relatively closely located to one other. In addition, it was possible to arrive at the conclusion that the belt ornaments with openwork dragon patterns discovered in the Japanese Archipelago were not locally produced but had come from the Korean Peninsula, by studying the examples excavated in Japan, the example recovered from the South Mound of Hwangnamdaechong Tomb (which was almost surely manufactured in Gyeongju), and the lineage of the end plates observed in belt ornaments from Sanyan China or Silla.
Recently, studies on the production techniques of fine metalwork have actively begun to take place. Within the current interpretative framework which emphasizes the ‘granting of prestige items’ or ‘from the center to the local regions’, the production sites of fine metalwork items have uncritically been accepted as the centers of political entities. We must bear in mind, however, that the traces that can be observed from the fine metalwork artifacts and the information gained through their scientific analysis provides knowledge on the production practices of craftspeople and the tools they used but not on the places of production. The current study has important implications for the visual investigation of artifacts and the establishment of a methodology for analysis.