This article provides a synthesis review of history, definitions, and structures of temperament. When the history and definition of various scholars are synthesized, temperament is defined as the individualistic differences in emotional, behavioral, attentional reaction tendencies. Differences in temperament disposition developing early in life with strong influences from genetic factors, are seen as the likely foundation of the personality traits and structure of adults. With strong biological and genetic influences, personal traits and interactions with the environment impact the range of expressions produced by one’s temperament. To suggest the factors of temperament, five classical approaches and models were considered: Thomas and Chess’ behavioral approach, Buss and Plomin’s criterial approach, Rothbart’s psychobiological approach, Goldsmith and Campos’ emotion regulation model, and Kagan’s behavioral inhibition model. Combining the presented forms of model and approach, the study concludes six structural factors of temperament: activity, negative emotionality, behavioral inhibition, social sensitivity, positive emotionality, and effortful control. Based on the finding results, limitations of the study, implications in counseling, and suggestions for future study were discussed.