This study examines a hypothetical causal model to analyze the sequential mediating effect of the children s academic efficacy and parental role construction on the relationships between the children’s family function recognition and parenting stress of Mongolian migrant families. The subjects of this study were 366 students and his or her 366 parents from Mongolian immigration background living in Seoul. Prior to hypothesis verification, the fitness of the research model was analyzed with reference to indices such as SRMR, RMSEA, GFI, AGFI, NFI, TLI, and CFI, and the final model was adopted through the model modification process. As a result of the study, it was found that the children’s family function recognition was positively related to his or her academic efficacy. The children’s academic efficacy had a significant positive relationship with parental role construction and a significant negative relationship with parenting stress. Parental role construction had a significant positive relationship with parenting stress. In the relationship between children’s family function recognition and parenting stress, children’s academic efficacy played a role as an individual mediating variable. In addition, a sequential double mediating effect of the children’s academic efficacy and parental role construction between children’s family function recognition and parenting stress was shown. The results of analyzing the significance of indirect effects through the Bootstrapping method at 95% confidence level were all significant. Based on these results, the importance of the study on the variables of children that influences parental role construction and parenting stress were discussed, and the implications for parental research were described.