The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of self-esteem recommended in education based on the Meritocracy and to clarify the educational meaning of self-respect as a self-relationship to complement it. To this end, I suggest that the concept of self-esteem in the social philosophy discourse is a self-evaluation influenced by the differential distribution of goods and honor in society and discuss these characteristics are closely related to Meritocracy. Next, it is noted that if the students are recommended to have self-esteem while education becomes a battleground for competition for high academic achievement under the Meritocracy, the criteria for self-evaluation will not only base visible and external results, but could expose both winners and losers of competition to the risk of losing their humanity. Thus, I suggest self-respect as a conceptual resource that can contribute to restoring humanity and establishing internal self-evaluation criteria. Although the concept of self-respect is self-evaluation, it has characteristics that are formed in relationships with others. I discuss the points to focus on in the educational approach for this in terms of the expression of humanity and the formulation of attitude. Ultimately, self-esteem and self-respect can be understood as complementary concepts, suggesting that although education has no choice but to play a certain role for the operation of Meritocracy, it can also contribute to developing the ‘ability to live life’ outside the operation of the principle of Meritocracy.