Archaeobotanical remains of Prunus fruits (peach, plum, apricot, cherry) were examined to understand fruit tree cultivation in antiquity. The following observations were made. First, although both peach and plum were mentioned in historical texts, archaeological data consist almost exclusively of peach stones. Only a few remains of other types of cherry tree fruits have been found. It is likely that fruit tree cultivation mainly focussed on peach. Second, archaeobotanical assemblages contain two different types of peach stones. In the forms of endocarp, one group is similar to cultivated peach (Prunus persica ) whereas the other group is similar to wild peach (P. davidiana ). Two groups are not easily differentiated based on the stone sizes. Nonetheless, large peach stones could have originated only from cultivars. Third, peach stones from Gungnam Pond and Inyong Temple bear traces of scarification. The practice of scarification on peach stones is a clear evidence for fruit tree cultivation in antiquity.