Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of the current evidence based practice on peripheral venous catheter replacement. Methods: After ethics approval, 140 patients (480 intravenous devices) were enrolled in our survey. Data were analyzed by statistical methods such as t-test, frequency analysis, χ2 square, Fisher’s exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using SPSS 21 program. Results: First, the average number of inserted peripheral venous catheters in the experimental group was 2.7 (3.0 in the control group), the number of days of maintenance of the peripheral venous catheters was 3.0 days (1.8 in the control group), and the maximum maintenance day of the peripheral venous catheter was 8 days. Second, there were no differences in the incidence of phlebitis and bloodstream infection between the two groups. Third, the risk of phlebitis in the experimental group increased sharply from the 6th day after insertion of peripheral venous catheter. Conclusion: As a result of this study, peripheral venous catheter replacement by clinical signs is recommended, and after 6 days, side effects should be carefully observed. We propose an iterative study on the effect of clinical signs on peripheral venous catheter replacement by expanding the number of patients.