The explicit clauses concerning religious education are hardly found in the preamble of the Chinese constitutional law. However, the “education” is a concept that includes the “religious education,” and all religious believers and non-believers have the rights and duties of receiving education as Chinese citizens. Thus, it must be right to say that the “religious education” is included in the concept of “education.” Moreover, because the Construction of Socialist Modernization with Chinese Characteristics needs harmonious cooperation between the religious believers and non-believers, one cannot deny the importance of the existence of religious believers. In school education, Chinese students are not forced to believe in or give up any religion. Teachers inculcate students with materialist ideology, but they never force students to negate or abandon religions in China. Under this situation, what kind of ideas on religion do the Chinese students have? The results of several surveys on the Chinese students’ attitude toward religion will be introduced in this paper. Moreover, the limits and the problems of the inculcation of the Marxist faith in accordance with the changing of the times will also be pointed out. The Western idea of human rights was introduced to China through Japan in the 1890s, but it could not take root in the Chinese soil. It is deeply related with the fact that the powers of the West thoroughly violated the human rights of Chinese people. They were the people from so-called the birthplace of human rights! Furthermore, the idea of human rights was stubbornly shunned in China during the Cold War because it was recognized as a Western idea, i.e. the bourgeoisie’s idea originated from the West Camp. As a result, some endogenous factors were generated in China corresponding to these kinds of foreign factors, and the theory of human rights based on the reality of China come into being. Furthermore, the major theoretical changes in human rights have occurred since the reform and opening-up policy which were put into practice from 1978. Human rights have become important parts of socialist value system by being “liberated” from the “bourgeoisie’s ideology.” “The human rights theory with Chinese Characteristics” which is advocated by Chinese government now is of this kind of historical background. Currently, the Chinese constitutional law guarantees human rights as well as freedom of religion. The provisions found in the constitutional laws of the Western camp are now stipulated in the Chinese constitutional law, which was hardly imagined in the past. Freedom of religion and human rights have become legal concepts protected by the state based on the explicit provisions of the Chinese constitutional law, rather than political rights; these rights in China have gained the “signboard” (face) in the world community of nations. Freedom of religion and human rights which are protected by the Chinese constitutional law are expected to be further developed through the organic cooperation with the world society.