Modernization refers to a series of social, cultural, economic and political changes that have taken place over 200∼300 years since the 16thcentury in Western Europe. The process of modernization, which touches virtually every realm of reality, inevitably entails the idea of innovation. Modern society fully embraces the notion of innovation characterized by important historical landmarks such as Reformation, Industrial Revolution and Bourgeois Revolution. It endeavors to break from past and promote novelty. Through these approaches, modern society effectively criticizes the bygone era and demands for a major transition in perception of the contemporary society. Since 1990s, the meaning of the word ‘modernity’ and concepts it underlies have stirred up many controversies in Humanities and Social Science fields of study in Korea. Although there seems to be no consensus on the issue of how Korea became to be a modern society it is now, it is generally agreed that Korean society began its modernization process in the late 19 thcentury. The establishment of Western ideologies and institutions in Late Choson Korea, regardless of arbitrary or willful manner in which it was prompted, required readjustment of many conventionally and traditionally accepted values. Collapse of hierarchical system and redistribution of wealth are the most preeminent aspects of this readjustment. Decline of traditional authority, augmentation of material wealth and innovation in technology in the Middle Ages have resulted in such a phenomenon. It was the public and not the ruling group that led this rapid movement towards modernity, and religious culture played an indispensable role in uniting and educating the mass. Religious culture at the time differed from the doctrines and values that traditional religions upheld, in the sense that it linked itself with principles of progress and innovation that modernity encompassed. This paper seeks to explain the logic behind modernity and innovation that emerged in Late Choson, along with Jeung-San thoughts. It aims to explain the significance of modernity and its relation to innovation as explained in Jeung-San thoughts..