Objective: The current study investigated how young children judge another person’s misleading information against their own experience, and what factors influence the children’s inferences.
Methods: In one-on-one interviews with a researcher, 88 children (3-6 years) observed an object being dropped through one of three transparent tubes. After hearing the researcher’s misleading information about where the object had fallen, the children made inferences about its location. Children’s cognitive inhibition, flexibility, and recognition of lies were also assessed.
Results: The 3-year-olds trusted the researcher’s misleading information even after confirming that her information provided was false. Conversely, children aged four years and above ignored the misleading information and made accurate inferences based on their own observations. The children’s cognitive flexibility predicted accurate inferences, even with age control.
Conclusions: In early childhood children come to overcome trust bias towards information from others, and their reasonable inferences increase. Executive function, particularly cognitive flexibility, may play an important role in the development of reasonable judgment.