At this study, we developed a caregiver-rating scale for 36-72 month-olds to assess their temperament and validated it. Preliminary scale was consisted with 62 items and was implemented to 703 caregivers for EFA. As the result of EFA, 43 items loaded to 6 factors were confirmed: activity, behavioral inhibition, effortful control, negative emotionality, positive emotionality and social sensitivity. Main survey was conducted to caregivers to analyze CFA, concurrent validity and predictive validity. Model fit was acceptable and reliability of each factors ranged from .76 to .91. CBQ-SF was questioned to measure concurrent validity and K-CBCL, K-PSI-SF for predictive validity. Data showed suitable results. To sum up, the newly developed caregiver-rating scale for 36-72 month-olds consisted with 6 factors and 43 items was estimated to be a valid and reliable scale to assess yong children’s temperament. On the basis of the results, significance, limitations and proposal were discussed.