The purpose of this study is to make a meta-analysis of studies related to ‘core concepts’ within the social studies curriculum to explore the characteristics of the core concepts of social studies discussed in Korea and to find their implications. For this purpose, 18 papers were extracted and the definitions, types, and roles of key concepts were analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. First, although the expression core concept has been widely used since the 2015 revised curriculum, it was confirmed that it is used with different meanings according to the group which the researcher belongs. Directions of national curriculum developers and foreign literature researchers defined core concepts at the ‘abstract concept level’. And since the 7th curriculum, the social studies department internally applied the NCSS strand and defined core concepts at the ‘subject level related to the everyday world’. The appearance of the Korea’s 2015 revised social studies curriculum was defined as ‘domain-specific material’, which is the lowest level. Second, the types of core concepts appeared differently depending on how the core concepts were defined. When defining core concepts at the level of universal and abstract concepts, they were presented as a small number of interdisciplinary concepts. And when core concepts were defined at the level of materials by domain, as in Korea, they were presented as multiple domain materials. Third, core concepts could be used as domain names within curriculum documents, as a medium to lead exploration, and as a link between domains, but their role was not clearly revealed in Korea’s curriculum documents. In this respect, discussion points and future research were proposed to establish core concepts of elementary school social studies in Korea.