The purpose of this study was to analyze structural relationships among secondary school principals compassionate rationalism leadership, communication in organization, learning organization culture, teaching competency and the degree to which teachers actively participate in teacher learning communities. To test the hypotheses, 960 survey questionnaires were distributed to secondary school teachers who belong to 44 schools of Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. The final data set was consisted of 817 responses. Statistical analyses to test structural equation modeling were conducted using AMOS 22.0 and SPSS 22.0. The analysis showed that secondary school principals’ compassionate rationalism leadership, organizational communication, learning organization culture, and teaching competency had a direct positive relationship on participation in teacher learning communities. The results of the study confirmed the importance of school principals’ compassionate rationalism leadership for the activation of teacher learning communities and the importance of organic interactions among the variables such as learning organization culture, teaching competency, and the communication in school organization. At the organizational level, the Department of Education and Educational Policy such as the Office of Education should develop and implement leadership programs which aimed at improving compassionate rationalism leadership skills of school principals.