The purpose of this study is to suggest a theoretical improvement plan by critically examining the current teacher capacity development evaluation system aimed at enhancing the professionalism of teachers from the perspective of professional capital. For this purpose, the three dimensions of management capital and professional capital proposed by Hargreaves & Fullan (2012) were examined, and the evaluation questions and implementation process of current teacher capacity development evaluation were examined. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is difficult to say that the current teacher competency development evaluation evaluates the professionalism of teachers from the perspective of professional capital. Second, in terms of human capital, the evaluation questions of teacher competency development evaluation need to be developed in consideration of individual teachers competence and background. Third, in terms of social capital, the evaluation of teacher ability development should improve the evaluation questions to induce teachers cooperation and collective intelligence, and above all, the professional learning community of the unit school should be established as an organizational routine of evaluation. Fourth, in terms of decision-making capital, the evaluation of teacher ability development should induce the autonomy and creativity of the unit school so that reflection of individuals and groups can be done based on human capital and social capital. Based on the results of this study, the following discussion distances are presented: First, a new paradigm for teaching professionalism should be recognized and continuous discussions should be made. Second, it is necessary to improve the perception of teachers, who are autonomous subjects of teacher evaluation. Third, teachers should go to the direction of becoming the subject of evaluation by themselves as the organizational routine of the unit school. The limitations of this study are as follows: Decision-making capital and social capital are difficult to measure and judge through the evaluation questions of teacher ability development evaluation and do not accumulate in a short period of time. The consideration and consideration of this should be supplemented through follow-up studies from various perspectives.