The purpose of this study is to analyze the operational condition of the Free Semester System (FSS) in Korean middle schools and to suggest improvement plans. To this end, after developing an initial survey tool based on the major issues and contents of the free semester system, the survey tool was devised by reflecting the advice of three experts in the field of free semester system research. The survey was administered to teachers and students from 102 middle schools nationwide, stratified sampling by region, and 491 teachers and 1104 students participated in the survey. For the collected survey data, frequency analysis, mean difference, and response distribution difference analysis were performed. The main analysis results are summarized as follows. First, teachers and students showed an overall positive perception regarding the purpose and degree of achievement of the FSS. Second, regarding the validity of the expansion of the FSS, it was possible to confirm the negative perception tendency of teachers and the positive perception tendency of students. Third, teachers had a high percentage of responses to “discovering and building infrastructure” and students had a high percentage of responses to “improving school facilities” for the internal improvement of the FSS. Fourth, negative and positive tendencies between teachers and students can be confirmed in the appropriateness of the number of hours. Finally, the degree of agreement of the teacher group was high on the degree of overlap with creative experience activities, and the rate of response to 'club activities' and 'career activities' was high in both groups as overlapping areas. Based on the analysis results, this study suggested the need for institutional stabilization of the FSS and efforts to enhance public trust in the Korean government, and the need to reconsider policy direction to solve overlapping problems of free semester activities and creative experience activities focused on career education in the reorganization of the middle school curriculum.