This study analyzed the experience of elementary school teachers practicing education in the COVID-19 situation and explored the process of overcoming the crisis and building a disaster resilience. For the study, from October 2020 to March 2021, in-depth interviews with 15 teachers of elementary schools in the Seoul metropolitan area were conducted and the results were analyzed. For the analysis, paradigm model composition, process analysis, and type analysis were conducted into 24 categories derived by performing open coding, axial coding, and selective coding using Strauss and Corbin's ground theory method. The main research results are as follows. In the paradigm model, a dichotomy result was derived in which disaster resilience was strengthened or the educational community was fragmented according to the mediating conditions and coping strategies after the emergence of the central phenomenon. The process of building a disaster resilience was completed through five stages of unprecedented confusion, coping, conflict, grand integration, and stability foundation building due to interaction between communities, and some schools stayed during conflict. The types of teachers responding to the COVID-19 disaster were burnout type, self-trust overturn type, human capital reinforcement type, solidarity cooperation type, and existential awakening type. Finally, the core category was composed of 'the process of overcoming unprecedented chaos through teacher's sense of calling and community cooperation and growing into a disaster-resistant school'. Based on the results of this study, a hypothetical proposition was proposed that ‘disaster can lead to growth, and the revival of community and the gathering of social capital are important for this growth’, and in conclusion, teachers' social capital was discussed as an important factor in forming disaster resilience in school.