The purpose of this study was to estimate the mean effect sizes of the associations between school counselors’ burnout and their related personal and environmental factors, and the effects of moderators on these relations. For the meta-analysis, 31 studies related to school counselors’ burnout were selected from among domestic academic journals and theses published by 2021. The group of variables related to school counselors’ burnout were classified into environmental-risk, environmental-protection, individual-risk, and individual-protection factors, and the analysis results were as follows. The environmental-risk factors and environmental-protection factors on burnout showed a medium-level effect size, the individual-risk factors showed a large-level effect size, and individual-protection factors showed a medium-level effect size. As a result of moderating effect analysis, there were no differences in the effect sizes according to age and work experience, but there were differences in the effect sizes according to the participants and burnout scales. More specifically, for both professional counseling teachers and professional counselors, the higher the personal-protection factor, the lower the burnout, but the professional counseling teachers showed a stronger negative relationship. Also, in both CBI and MBI scales, the higher the environmental-risk factor, the higher the burnout, but the CBI showed a stronger positive relationship. Based on these findings, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.