Universal screening is a popular assessment strategy for early identification of students at risk for learning disabilities. In the past, universal screening studies have used frequentist theory to determine screening criteria. However, frequentist theory is a statistical theory that has been continuously criticized over the past 50 years, and it is necessary to find ways to improve it. In this study, we propose Bayesian theory as an alternative to frequentist methods for estimating screening power in universal screening. The results of this study show that Bayesian theory can provide useful information for universal screening. Finally, limitations of the study and future research topics are suggested.