The purpose of this study is to analyze literature published on mindfulness in domestic and foreign music therapy fields and critically review for the integrated application of mindfulness and music therapy. In 10 previous studies on music therapy conducted in Korea and overseas from 2012 to 2021, the definition and theoretical basis of mindfulness, musical intervention, and common elements of mindfulness and music therapy were critically interpreted and synthesized. As results, first, the definitions of mindfulness used in the studies of music therapy based on mindfulness was different except for two studies, and the theoretical basis was also diverse. Second, the purpose of musical intervention was ultimately to improve the quality of life and has been applied in various ways. Third, there were three common elements: reducing negative emotions, improving the quality of life, and inducing the change through continuous repetition and practice. Therefore, this study provided the basis for studying music therapy based on mindfulness as critically examining the integrated application of mindfulness and music therapy, and is significant in that it can contribute to clinical application.