Objective Mood disorder and borderline personality pathology (BPP) are frequently comorbid and relate to childhood trauma. We in-vestigated the relationship between childhood trauma and BPP features in mood disorder patients versus controls. Methods A total of 488 mood disorder patients, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar I disorder (BD I), and bipolar II disorder (BD II), and 734 controls were included. We examined between-group BPP-related differences and correlated between BPP and childhood trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ) and the Personality Assessment Inventory–Bor-derline Features Scale. Results BD II patients showed significantly higher BPP. Emotional abuse and neglect were prominently associated with BPP, while af-fective instability and negative relationships exhibited a stronger association with childhood trauma. We also found a positive relation-ship between childhood trauma and BPP in MDD, BD I, and BD II patients. Conclusion The findings of the present study imply that BPP features are more likely to be found in patients with BD II than BD I or MDD. Mood disorder patients with severe childhood trauma may have higher BPP features. Thus, further study of the relationship be-tween childhood trauma and BPP features could improve the therapeutic approaches and help understand patients with mood disorders.