Emotional labor is a new form of work in today’s world economies as the service industry plays a crucial role. On the other hand, emotional labor can frequently lead to negative mental health problems, such as depression. This literature review examined the association between emotional labor and mental health from a psychiatric perspective. The definitions of emotional labor differ according to the times or socio-cultural contexts. Korean emotional laborers are in a vulnerable position in their relationships with clients and employers. In preventing and managing emotional labor-related mental health problems, the role of psychiatrist is very important. With the understanding of the current situation of Korean emotional laborers, psychiatrists should develop effective interventions on personal and organizational levels and play a key role in this field.