Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship between the self-esteem, social support and health promoting behavior of the low income elderly. Method: The subjects were 157 elderly. The instrument was a structured questionnaire. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: 1) The general characteristics showed meaning in education level, health status 'good'. 2) The social support showed meaning in with spouse, education level, health status 'good', smoking 'below 1 pack'. 3) The health promoting behavior showed meaning above middle school, employee of company, health status 'good', exercise 'weekly 2-3', drinking 'weekly'. 4) The health promoting behavior was the highest in the interpersonal support and in order was exercise. Conclusion: The important variables such as self-esteem, social support should be considered in health caring intervention development and education. Especially self-esteem improving programs that considered exercise and health responsibility are expected to effect the health promoting behavior in low income elderly.