This paper examines the points of issues of the history of studies regarding
the jester’s play(俳優戱) and proposes a prospective solution. Jester’s play has
been a central topic of research in the history of Korean performing arts and
was widely publicized by movies. Specifically, this paper examines how the
discovery, interpretation, and analysis of records were done, and how
preceding studies were embraced or overcome.
Terms and category, form and stlye, and development through the history
of performing arts have been chosen as the points of issues, while research
results have been reviewed in chronological order of presentation. In the last
section, a comprehensive outlook that resolve the issues was proposed. A
summary of an outlook of solution on the jester’s play’s development in the
history of performing arts is as follows.
Actors, as professional entertainers, have been in existence for millennia and
they were proficient in singing, dancing, and musical instruments, centered
around ‘jocularity(滑稽)’. Jester’s play as a general definition of ‘Entertainment
centered around the actor’s jocularity’ has been handed down as a widespread
form of performance culture in East Asia, since its formation millennia ago. This is a shared tradition of performance culture in stride with cultural
development, rather than an inflow of a completed form and works from
China. Medieval commonality between East Asian cultures lies in the usage
of Chinese characters and the handing down records via a common writing
system. The forms like jester's play expressed through the spoken language
is categorized as an oral tradition at the basis of independent characteristic
of a country’s own culture.
Korea has kept the general tradition of jester’s play, but in the Chosun era,
the demand and support from palace culture established medieval court
theatre, which has been maintained the same form and style over 150 years.
Although medieval court theatre has disappeared after the royal audiences
disappeared and their support was discontinued, the tradition of jester’s play
that formed the basis of court theatre has carried on. As a result, as it can
be observed in 18th~19th century drollery performances at the streets and
market places, jester's play took up as a civilian entertainment, developing
into a main repertoire of performances on the modern theatre stage in the
early 20th century.