The purpose of this study investigated the causal relationships between character strength ‘temperance’, teacher efficacy and job satisfaction in Pre school and elementary school teachers in order to find directions to improve teachers’ job satisfaction, ability and happiness. For this investigation, 208 teachers in Kyeong-gi do completed questionnaires including ‘temperance’ related questions in a survey provided by the VIA Institute on Character to measure teacher-efficacy and job satisfaction. The descriptive statistics and correlations were calculated by using SPSS 18.0, and the structural equation modeling by Amos 20.0 was used to test measurement and structural models. All levels of alpha in this investigation were set at .05. As a result, first, there was statistically a positive relationship between the character strength, ‘temperance’, teacher-efficacy and job satisfaction. Second, the overall fit of the measurement model was acceptable, and third, the teachers’ character strength ‘temperance’ and job satisfaction were fully mediated by teacher-efficacy. The mediation effect was statistically significant.