It is true that definitions and treaties involving museums heavily reflect the history and
the culture of Western Europe. Since Africans, Asians, and Latin Americans have cultural
identities very distinct from those of Europeans, museum-related documents should reflect
their opinions.
It was expected that the ICOM in Brazil, a country whose social controversies still
persist to this day, would focus on some issues of social change that arose from Brazil’s
relationship to Europe. Therefore, it was also expected that the speakers would rearrange
numerous historical records and evidences of South American history and reinterpret them
in order to suggest an argument that museums could lead a social transformation in South
America and to present some specific examples.
Currently, museums around the world are facing many problems : democratization and
sustainability of museums, conservation of wartime artifacts, cultural diversity, and so on.
That museums should creatively revive the generational meaning of dead artifacts in
museums to derive social changes is a very valid argument. The specific examples of a
museum leading social change are the slum rebuilding in the city of Medell?n in Columbia,
the education program for juvenile delinquents by Clark Art Institute at the city of
Massachusetts, and Insight Favela Project at the city of Rio de Janeiro.
On the other hand, the relationship between social change and memory could be
perceived as opposing each other because there is a high chance that social changes alter
memories delivered through artifacts in museums. It has been argued that the artifacts in
current museums deliver fabricated memories reflecting the Western European perspectives
and that non-European memories are different. It should be pondered whether the world
history was manipulated for European’s advantage and that Europeans delivered distorted
memories.
A writer of Mozambique, Mia Couto, argued that South American and Brazilian
museums at least should conjure imaginations of the indigenous that are trapped in the
language of the conquerors and reproduce the heaven of the indigenous that was oppressed
by the religion of Espa?a.
It is hard to say that there have been sufficient researches in the relationship between
museums and social sustainability. Rather, typical matters such as environmental-friendly
museums, conservation measures of artifacts, and sustainability of museums have been
repeatedly discussed. Also, museums and art galleries in Portugal put too much emphasis
on ‘energetic South America and exotic South America’ to the point where their focus
skewed too far towards tourism.
An argument in cultural policy that importance should be placed upon museums rather
than music, plays, and movies and a resolution that calls on the World Museum Day are
meaningful achievements. Further, the Mentoring Sessions developed by Ki-Dong Bae and
five other researchers for the purpose of educating international museum experts of the
next generation is another meaningful achievement, which was first introduced in the
conference in Rio.