대학진학에 필요한 중·고교 학력수준과 교육환경에 관한 종단연구

이재경; 김양분; 강충서

서지반출

국문초록

본 연구에서는 전문대학 혹은 대학진학에 필요한 중·고교 국어와 수학 성취도 수준이 어느 정도인 지 알아보기 위해 대학준비도 개념을 조작적으로 정의하고, 이에 근거한 국어와 수학교과 성취도 기 대수준을 추정하였다. 그리고 대학진학에 필요한 최소한의 학업준비도를 갖춘 예비집단과 미비집단 간에 어떠한 가정 및 학교환경 요인들이 대학준비도 궤적의 차이를 유발하는지를 종단적으로 추적하 여 기술하였다. 그리고 대학진학 준비도 수준과 실제 진학 결과의 차이에 따른 학력기대 미달과 기대 초과의 문제를 분석하였다. 이러한 문제를 분석하기 위해서 한국교육종단연구 1차년도부터 7차년도까 지 수집된 자료를 사용하였다. 최종적으로 분석에 사용된 표본은 4,751명이다. 중·고등학교 학력기대 수준 로지스틱 회귀모형 분석 결과, 전문대학 진학에 필요한 최소 성취수준이 기초학력 수준에 가깝 고, 대학진학에 필요한 최소 성취수준이 보통학력 수준에 가까웠다. 전국적 성적 분포에서 중하위권 이상에 해당하는 학생들은 전문대학에 진학하고, 중위권 이상에 해당하는 학생들은 대학에 진학하였 다. 가정과 학교 변인 모두 대학진학 미비집단과 예비집단을 구분하는데 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 미쳤으며, 중학교와 고등학교에 걸쳐서 효과가 지속적으로 나타났다. 학력기대충족에 해당하는 학생의 비율은 절반에 불과하고, 학력기대미달은 대도시를 중심으로 나타났다. 학력기대초과는 읍면지역에 집 중되어 있었고 전문계가 일반계보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과를 토대로 정책적 시사점을 논의하였다.

영문초록

This study estimated ‘college readiness benchmarks’ for 2-year college and 4-year college entrance based on students' middle and high school reading and math achievement. Based on the benchmarks, we classified students into on-track group, who are academically qualified to enter colleges, and off-track group who are not. Then we compared the two groups longitudinally to track what individual and school factors made a difference in their college readiness. Further, this study investigated gaps between actual and desirable college entry results. The analysis drew on the sample of 4,751 cases from KELS (Korean Education Longitudinal Study) 1st thru 7th data sets. The result shows that the benchmark for 2-year college entrance is close to "Basic" achievement level, and the benchmark for 4-year college entrance is around "Proficient" level on the national assessment. Those in low-middle achievement ranks tend to enter 2-year college, and more than middle-ranked students are apt to get in university. The family and school factors significantly affect the classification of students between on-track group and off-track group during middle school to high school. Only half of students had matching with the same desirable and actual college entry levels. Undermatching mostly happened in metropolitan areas. Overmatching tends to occur more in rural areas, and vocational high school rather than academic high school. Policy implications are discussed.

키워드

대학준비도 학력수준 교육환경 학력기대미달 학력기대초과 College Readiness Achievement Benchmarks Learning Environment Undermatching Overmatching

참고문헌 (40건)

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참고문헌 (40건)