The purpose of the study is to present the direction and practical ways regarding how to fulfill standard-based assessment system introduced in 2012. As accountability and autonomy of schools has been emphasized, schools have been required to develop achievement standards and achievement levels based on their own curriculum, and apply them to teaching and learning practices and assessments. The study explained the intent of standard-based assessment, and discussed the practical ways to develop achievement standards and achievement levels and to implement assessments in school. Some challenges need to be overcome in order that standard-based assessment can take root in schools. First, teacher training program needs to be arranged for developing achievement standards and achievement levels appropriate for each school, which focuses on increasing teacher’s understanding on art curriculum. Second, fundamental research needs to be implemented in order to secure the validity of achievement levels, which develops achievement levels derived from investigation of characteristics of student’s performance and competencies. Third, diverse exemplary assessment test items need to be developed and provided in order to motivate teachers to design art practices and evaluation in consistent with achievement standards and achievement levels.