The object of this study is to understand various perceptions on Korea as reflected on Western publications. By observing and analyzing various western books published, the author traces how these images and the perceptions on Korea had been changed, distorted and spread.
Since the age of discovery, history and culture of Korea were accessible by westerners only through China and Japan. Geopolitically extremely isolated in the Far East, Korea had been known to be the untouchable and unveiled hermit nation to the west with no one really understanding what Korea was. For a long time, the records of Hendrik Hamel and Du Halde might be the only resources that could be seen as correct representations of Korea in the west. Including these, most of western publications described Korea as "a tributary state" and "a Hermit Nation.", and the west had these two perceptions on Korea.
At the age of imperialism, the perceptions on Korea in the west had been changed due to the increased western visitors. The westerners who studied and visited the Korean peninsula realized that Korea seemed secluded because of its seclusive national policies and as a matter of fact the people were very open, kind, and gentle. Some westerners could discover the uniqueness of Korean culture such as native Han-gul. The understanding of Korea and its people had gradually changed from the previous periods.
However, this new perception was not reflected well in western publications at that time. Although Korea had changed its policies and become more often to the west after 1882, the west continued to recognize Korea as a hermit and primitive state. Many missionaries and scientists visited Korea and brought their cultures with them. They believed that western civilization and Christian belief were much superior to the counterparts of the east, and should be main momentums for modernization of Korea. While they did not understand that distinctiveness and uniqueness of the Korean culture, they believed that Korea had to be reformed and civilized by superior powers such as the West or at least Japan, an epigone of the west.
There were very few westerners who did understand the uniqueness of Korean society. While most of westerners regarded Japan as the modernization model for Korea, they did not show any willingness to discover the uniqueness of Koreans in various fields. In conclusion, the perceptions such as "Hermit Korea", "The Land of Morning Calm", "Unknown world" did not reflect real facts, but just simplifies signs.