Education fever, which has been a power driving the economic growth and social development of
Korea, was based on meritocracy. Socio-economic success through education was justified and
encouraged because the success has been assumed individual achievement through one's effort.
Nowadays, however, educational inequality―the gap in school performance, years of schooling, and
social hierarchy of attended school―is substantially determined by family. Parents involve actively,
strategically, and broadly in their children's education with financial, social and cultural capital.
Parentocracy, which is gracefully wrapped in meritocracy, justifies social exclusion and reproduces the
structure of social inequality.
Today in Korea educational inequality among children are criticized as the product of parentocracy.
Since parental income significantly correlates with children's educational achievement, the educational
inequality caused by family's wealth becomes more critical as the gulf between rich and poor is
widening. The so-called polarization between the rich and the poor and naive parentocracy make
educational meritocracy a myth and even fraud. In Korea rich parents exert a strong influence on
educational policies and practice and, in so doing, reproduce their social and economic privilege.
Meanwhile Korean government are inclined to proliferate new liberalism in educational policy
making. Marketization, privatization, and parent choice in educational policy-making serve to
exacerbate isolation and exclusion of non-competitively poor groups.