In the ancient Greek philosophy, the ideal type of man is thought of as the
virtuous having all virtues which are actually reduced to one virtue or
interconnected with each other. This theory of virtue was received into the
scholastic philosophy and reflected in the discussion on the ideal type of man.
Thomas Aquinas in the 13th. century thought that the concept of ‘good’ is
closely related to that of ‘perfection’, referring to the perfect man as the good
man. But according to Aquinas, the perfection of man as man includes the
supernatural element transcending the human nature. In other words, human
person is said to reach her perfection as human, only insofar as she would
possess the trans-natural, highest good, which is God, through her excellent
part, that is, in intellectual way. That person is called ‘homo beatus’. The ideal
of ‘homo beatus’, however, remains unattainable in the natural way in this life,
only reachable in the life to come. On the other hand, the highest grade of
perfection available to the human being in this life consists in the ‘rightness of
the will’, in its due order towards the highest Good which perfects human
beings in the highest degree. Thomas finds in the virtue the principle which
directs human will towards the highest Good. The ethical virtues attained
through the human powers and activities proportionate to her nature cannot,
however, enable human beings to direct their will towards the highest Good.
But the ‘infused’ theological virtues are needed for it. Consequently, the perfect
man in this life is the man having caritas together with all virtues
interconnected through the love towards God as form of virtues, whom Aquinas
calls ‘the good human person in the absolute sense(homo bonus simpliciter).