Selective renal arteriography is a highly valuable diagnostic procedure for the detection and exact evaluation of various renal disease, especially differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Since abrams had advocated epinephrine pharmacoangiography, this has been widely used for diagnosis of malignant tumors. Authors analyzed angiographic findings as well as clinical, surgical and pathological findings in 79 cases that were studied with suspection of renal disease during last 5 years, from August 1971 to October 1976 at Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital. Aortogram, selective renal arteriogram and epinephrine pharmacoangiogram were comprehensively analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. The most frequent diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma being 14 cases, and then simple cyst 12 cases, renal atrophy 7 cases, hypoplasia and agenesis 7 cases, transitional cell carcinoma 5 cases, hydronephrosis 5 cases and renal artery stenosis 5 cases, in order of frequency. 2. The diagnostic accuracy of arteriography in this series was 92.7% (76 over 82). 3. Six mis-diagnosed cases were avacular hypernephroma looked like renal cyst, transitional cell carcinoma without any tumour vasularity, rupture of the renal pelvis with formation of peripelvic urinoma which simulated avacular tumor, renal infarction with increased vascularity, tuberculosis with large cavity, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with slightly increased vascularity. 4. Epinephrine pharmacoangiography had an excellent diagnostic value, showing normal response in 36 of 38 studies in normal or benign lesions and abnormal response in 18 of 19 malignant tumors. It appears clear that selective angiography is a safe and excellent procedure in the early detection and accurate diagnosis of the benign and malignant renal diseases.