This research was performed to understand physiological and ecological characterisities and to de stable production by the way of the establishment of cultivation in elephant food. The results of the investigation of developmental characterisitics, leaf area, photosynthetic ability, chloroplast content for collective varieties are as follows. In the ecological characterisrics for five varieties of elephant food collected from domestic and foreign countries, appearance days for Japanese collective varieties was 60 days, which was two days earlier than domestic collective variety, Jechon collective variety. In appearance rate, Japanese collective variety was 90%, which was higher than Kumsan collective variety, 85%. In the development and yield of the ground portion, Japanese variety was the highest during all developmental period follwed by Chinese and Jechon collective varieties. The larger leaf area, the higher photosynthesis was found. In the amount of chlorophyll content, the higher intercepting light rate, the higher chlorophyll amount was found, which was 30, 50, 70% higher amount than non intercepting light rate.