The two parts of chestnut peels, outer and inner layers, were collected and investigated for cultivation of various mushrooms, i.e., Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Hericium ramosum and the others. The inner layer of chestnut peels was contaminated with the mycelia of the blue fungi when collected, consisted of 17~20 % holocellulose, being a good material for growths of the above fungi. The outer layer was considered to be poor materials for fungal growth, because of lower amounts of minerals. Both mushrooms of Pleurotus ostreatus and Hericium ramosum grow well, and were produced fruiting bodies on the solid media containing only inner layers of chestnut peels. The Imhyup No.6 and Imhyup No.7 varieties of Lentinus edodes grow well, but produced few fruiting bodies in the solid media containing only inner layers of chestnut peels. The growth patterns of P. ostreatus and L. edodes were evaluated by production of $CO_2$. and considered to be different according to fungi. The inner layers of chestnut peels as agricultural by-products were considered to be a good material for mushroom cultivation, and outer layers could be used as being added with the other additives. The chestnut peels, being the environmental pollutants in rural areas, was considered to be a good substrate for mushroom cultivation.