This study was carried out to investigate the variation of growth and yield using different planting densities and vinyl mulching in S. miltiorrhiza cultivation. Top plant growth was observed in the $30{ imes}30cm$ planting density of S. miltiorrhiza;, plant height, leaves and branches were larger than in the other treatments. Root length, root diameter, and supporting roots of underground part were increased as planting density was wide, and dry root weight was increased in $30{ imes}30cm$. However, yield was highest at 294 kg/10a in the planting density of $30{ imes}10cm$. The use of 30-31cm white and black vinyl mulching had no significant effect on the plant height of S. miltiorrhiza, as compared to non-mulching. However, the highest volume of leaves and plant weight was observed in plants using 24.7 black vinyl mulching. Dry underground root weight was highest in black vinyl mulching at 21.7 g compared to 17.0 g for non-mulching. Yield per 10a increased by 28% using black vinyl mulching compared to non-mulching. Based on the results of this study, planting density of $30{ imes}10cm$ and black vinyl mulching are the most suitable in the cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza.