The performance of a reciprocating compressor in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems is influenced by the lubrication characteristics of the critical sliding components. Thus, the lubrication characteristics between the crankshaft and journal bearing have to be researched in order to improve the design and performance of a reciprocating compressor. Therefore, in this study, to enhance the EER (energy efficiency ratio) to reduce power consumption, and to improve the reliability of a reciprocating compressor for refrigeration and air conditioning systems, theoretical analysis of the friction characteristics between the crankshaft and journal bearing in a reciprocating compressor is studied. The results demonstrate that frictional characteristics are significantly influenced by the clearance between the crankshaft and journal bearing and the viscosity of the lubricating oil.