3 Do after-school programs matter? A longitudinal study on the ectiveness of 
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29 Planning special purpose high schools and private tutoring needs in Korea: 
A longitudinal, causal relationship 
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51 How do teachers learn? A study on the policy and practice of teacher professional 
development in Malaysia 
Yusof Petras, Hazri Jamil, & Abdul Rashid Mohamed 

71 Teachers as brokers: Bridging formal and informal learning in the 21st century 
David Hung, Shu-Shing Lee, & Kenneth Y. T. Lim 

91A case study of the ects of Educational Welfare Priority Zone Plan: Why are its ects not conrmed by standardized test scores? 
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113 An analysis of the relationship between self-study, private tutoring, and self-ecacy on 
self-regulated learning 
Song Chang Hong & Yoon Soo Park 

183 Comparing the characteristics of lifelong learning cities in Korea and Japan: A historical 
sociological approach 
Ilseon Choi & Byung Chan Yang 

145 Grading policies and practices at Korean universities : A case study 
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163 Leadership strategies for creating a Learning Study Community 
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183 Comparing the characteristics of lifelong learning cities in Korea and Japan: A historical 
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Ilseon Choi & Byung Chan Yang