This paper discussed the challenges the expertise research faces in the context of the future changes represented by Industry 4.0. Those challenges have required the restructuring the concept of expertise, which referred to the transformative stance from domain dependent and domain specific characteristics of expertise. The purpose of this paper was to critically review the expertise research and presented future research agenda. The first section of this paper investigated the definitions and theoretical approaches of expertise, developments of expertise, and reformulation of the way to view the expertise research in terms of convergence. The second section presented the two arguments for restructuring the concept of expertise. The one proposed reconfirming the importance of the context of expertise concept formulation. It includes 1) systems thinking, 2) HPT(Human Performance Technology) and expertise, 3) transfer of expertise, and 4) overcoming expert-centered myopic approach. The other discussed about enlargement and diffusion of expertise research. It covers 1) integrating the productivity of trust with that of novelty, 2) expertise-creativity nexus, 3) shift from problem-solving efficiency to questioning the problem itself. Future research agenda were proposed as a conclusion section in terms of: 1) systems view, 2) methodologies, 3) future-oriented research, and 4) utilization and management of expertise.