The concept of forgiveness is a pivotal notion not only in the aspect of
religious belief, but also in the social and political realm. In the Christian
tradition, forgiveness is characterized as the loving mercy and grace of God
given to man. Hegel employs this Christian concept of forgiveness in his
philosophy and develops it with respect to modern Rationalism. His important
insight lies in the fact that the genuine meaning of forgiveness consists not in
religious sentiment toward God, but in the rationality of human beings. He
emphasizes that forgiveness is founded in reciprocal recognition and
intersubjective communication. It is, indeed, a mature community that is the
community of forgiveness upon which such reciprocal recognition and
intersubjective communication are established. Hegel’s modern concept of
forgiveness rightly seeks to reconcile faith with reason, but it overlooks the
fundamental aspect of forgiveness: the fact that it is love which provides the
possibility of unconditional forgiveness for a sinful, seemingly unforgivable
person. The primordial power of forgiveness derives from an absolute
affirmation that precedes rationality and a mere rationally understood notion of
forgiveness as the negation of a faulty relationship, and this absolute affirmation
is none other than unconditional, transcendental love. Such love is characterized
as gift and grace originating from Being itself; and forgiveness has its meaning
in terms of such love, based on an affirmation of infinite Being. Since human beings are finite, but they need to overcome the negative experience of sin and
a faulty relationship through love. For the fault-ridden experience of a human
being does not disappear simply by being negated in a moment of forgiveness;
it continues to endure. Forgiveness can cope with the sinful reality of our
experience only through love; and we are ultimately healed from our faulty
experience only through forgiveness based on love. In conclusion, forgiveness is
thus a transcendental act that affirms both transcendental Being and human
reality as it is rather than negates our reality; it is an act of healing founded
on love that transcends the experience of wounds caused by sin. Reconciliation
among human beings, not between God and human beings, is the necessary
condition for forgiveness.