This paper is a trial of exposition on the ambiguity or complexity of
Buddhist Gotra Theory and appreciation of its philosophical implication, based
on the tradition and interpretation of Woncheuk(圓測, 613~696). For this,
supposing that Gotra Theory is textiled both by hierarchical view on actual
differences among gotras and positive appreciation of the same ideal of nirvāṇa
among them transcending their differences, I exposed the view on agotrasattva
of Three Vehicle lineage thinkers(三乘家) who emphasize actual differences
among Sentient Beings or Practitioners, One Vehicle lineage thinkers(一乘家)
who still appreciate the unity among them regardless of their differences, and
Woncheuk as negotiator who tried to reconcile the conflict between both
lineage thinkers.
According to Woncheuk’s tradition, One Vehicle lineage thinkers are featured
by appreciating Buddha’s Great Compassion which never give up the hope for
salvation of agotrasattva. On the contrary, Three Vehicle lineage thinkers stand
the ambiguity between Buddha’s hope and desperation for salvation of
agotrasattva. And as negotiator of two conflicting thinking, Woncheuk on one
hand appreciated the possibility of salvation of agotrasattva supported by One
Vehicle lineage thinkers, but on the other hand approved the existence of ‘real’
agotrasattva who never could attain Buddhahood mentioned by Three Vehicle
lineage thinkers. I believe his ambiguous and multifaced view on agotrasattva is
connected with “hermeneutical predicament” of Buddhist thinkers who must accept all kinds of the seemingly conflicting Teachings of Buddhist canons as
Buddha’s Truth.
For me, these three answers to the possibility of agotrasattva’s attaining
Buddhahood seem to be ambiguous and imperfect since none could present
clear explain about the contradiction between Compassion and Wisdom. But
from a philosophical point of view it could be read that Buddha himself has
been understood by Buddhist thinkers as multifaceted personality who have both
Wisdom’s Eye to reality of sentient beings which are suffered by the bondage
of evils and Compassionate Heart for the salvation of those sentient beings. I
believe these features of Buddha are connected with the self-conception of
Buddhist thinkers or human beings themselves pursuing the liberation from
sufferings or bondage of desire.