In this paper I traced the process of inventing the ‘religion and
superstition’ discourse in modern China. To elucidate the process,
I examined the ideas of New Culture Movement thinkers, such as
Liang Qichao(양계초), Chen Duxiu(진독수), Chai Yuanpei(채원배),
ect. They had a great social impact in the invention of the
‘superstition and religion’ discourse. Especially the view of Liang
Qichao offered a basis in the process of making the intellectual
orderly rank of science, religion, and superstition. His idea of
religion was based on the modern Western concept of reason and
science. To evaluate Chinese tradition, he introduced a standard
which came from western system of knowledge. We now
understand that such a cultural category and standard is deeply
connected with ideology, or power orientation. Liang has changed
his standard of view as the social milieu changed. But he did not
changed the his fundamental stance that religion and superstition
is inferior to science, and the former two must become extinct in
the future as science and reason develop. For Chen and Chai,
religion and superstition had only negative value from the outset.
Therefore, for them, the distinction between religion and
superstition had no meaning. In East Asia, modernization discourse
accepted the western science and reason as truth. So, religion and
superstition always was treated as inferior, whereas science and
philosophy treated as superior. Based on such a standard, traditional culture was classified into two division as philosophy
and religion/superstition. As a result of uncritical acception of such
a prejudice, eastern traditional culture was given the order of rank
from philosophy and religion/superstition.