This research was conducted for development Child's Basic Need Test(C-BNT). To develop the C-BNT, this study adopted 5 factors(survival need, belonging need, achievement need, freedom need and fun need.) on Reality Therapy theory as a research model. To develop preliminary questionnaire on 5 factors model, this study asked 116 students who belong to J elementary school in seoul, what do you want to do at school, home and so on. And this study made 154 items(about 30 items per one factor). Through the expert's contents fitness, this study adopted 150 items and made questionnaire.`It was given to 315 elementary school 4-6 grade students and the data was collected. Finally, through item analysis and factor analysis, this study set 5 factors with 50 items that were 10 items by each factors. The reliability of the 5 needs were from 0.723 to 0.792; survival need(.782), belonging need(.723), achievement need(.744), freedom need(.792), fun need(.776). According to this result, the reliability and validity of factor analysis are significant.