Whitehead\'s philosophy of organism denies the substantial philosophy of Aristoteles that a particular is neither asserted of a subject nor present in a subject. For the former asserts that an actual entity, particular enters into other actual entity. What an actual entity enters into other entity means an essential relation, Whitehead calls it an internal relation, whereby he established the principle of universal relativity. According to this principle, every actual entity has internal relation. Indeed, it is by the principle that in order that every actual entity exists, it needs every actual entity. It denies also Descartes\'s dictum which a substantial individual requires nothing but itself in order to exist. His substantial individual means the same as a particular or an actual entity in Whitehead. In the philosophy of organism, in order that a particular exists, it needs every particular. This is just like that in order that a subject exists, it needs every objects. This expression can be substitute for the Buddhistic not-two-ness of universe id est myself.
This not-two-ness has been shown in various sacred books of Buddhism, though its origin is due to Upanisad of ancient India. It means that two concepts opposed or two facts incompatible are regarded not as being separate each other, but in fact, as one. In china, Tiantai\'s religion(天台宗) which is due to Buddhism, says also ten sorts of not-two-ness. Specially, two of them are considered as the basic of the rest. They are the not-two-ness of being and nothing, and the not-two-ness of right and wrong. But to comprehend the two, we must above all make out three dictions of Jire(知禮) : first, being together-good and evil(二物倂合), second, self identity-good and evil(背面相翻), third, one-id est-good and evil.(當體全是) Jire, the founder of the sect of SanGa which was derived from Tiantai, explained for example good and evil. His dictions have also each face : the first, being together-good and evil, which good and evil having each different body are coexist in one body, its face has a unite coexisting good with evil. the second, self identity-good and evil, which is like as a coin having both-sided, its face has a unite of good and evil as both-sided. the third, one-id est-good and evil. which good and evil have a common root, like as the heads of Medusa, its face
has one, as it is, good and evil. According to various sacred books, Buddhism, having chosen properly one of the three and having explained it, placed the third at the highest level. However, it is impossible to comprehend the third by the substantial philosophy. On the contrary, by the principle of universal relativity which the organic philosophy of Whitehead presented, it is possible to comprehend it. in this case, Whitehead\'s philosophy and the Buddhistic not-two-ness, and so we can arrive at our conclusion, come profoundly to a mutual understanding with each other.
Key Words : Whitehead, the Principle of universal relativity, the Buddhistic not-two-ness