The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of rhythmic ensemble to improve social skills of the children with low income family. The subjects of this study were 24 children with low income family of social welfare center. After measuring the level of sociality, they were randomly assigned into the two groups, the experimental group (n=12) and the control group (n=12). The experimental group received eight music therapy sessions composed of rhythmic ensemble for eight weeks from September 10th 2008 to October 29th 2008. To evaluate the changes in sociality, the sociality scale were administered both groups before and after the treatment. The Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to measure sociality between the two groups. Also, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to measure sociality pre to the post test within the experimental group. The result showed that in the level of sociality, there was significant difference on between the two groups. Moreover, pre to post test within the experimental group there were significant differences in education, diligence, sociality, law abiding behavior.