This paper discusses the narrative context and meaning of the hwasubunrelated
motifs of Korean and European folk tales. The word ‘hwasubun(화수분)’
means ‘a treasure jar supplying goods inexhaustibly’. The core quality of a
hwasubun is ‘inexhaustible supply,’ on which the focus of this paper was placed
to make a wider and more universal approach. The discussion includes not
only the folk tales that directly involve hwasubun, but also such Korean stories
as “A millstone pouring out salt” and “A hole pouring out rice” and such
European stories as “The goose with the golden eggs”, “Aschenputtel
(Cinderella)” and “Simeliberg”. The reason is that all of them have a remarkable
similarity in their narrations about the continuation/discontinuation of
inexhaustible supply.
In addition to finding out the universality of such Korean and European folk
tales in structure and in view of the world and revealing their original meaning,
this paper paid a special attention to the ecological thought in them. There
is a Korean proverb: ‘The soil is a hwasubun.’ Like this, the subjects that
inexhaustibly supply precious goods to men in the hwasubun-related Korean
and European folk tales - such as a bowl, a millstone, a rock, a plant or an animal, or a mountain - may be interpreted as a being that represents ‘the life
force or producing power of nature.’ They are something received from nature,
or nature itself. Nature can be considered as an enormous hwasubun, as it
continuously and inexhaustibly supples men with what is necessary for them
to live. The hwasubun-related folk tales may be taken as a narrative implication
of the state of men, whose physical lives depend on nature.
Nature as a hwasubun provides men with many things freely. But there is
a rule. The rule is that nature provides men with necessities according to their
needs. When men begin to aggressively despoil nature to satisfy their covetous
desires beyond the limit of their needs, nature is no longer on men's side.
Nature then closes its door to cut its supply, or causes men to be harmed by
what it supplies. Those who pursue harmony and coexistence with nature will
continue to enjoy peace and happiness, but those who attack and destroy nature
will collapse like a man who chops his foot with his own ax. Such a principle
of the way of life is structuralized in the hwasubun-related folk tales in a
conformable manner. It may be considered as an ecological thought drawn up
by men from their extensive experience of life. Such a common thought found
in the folk tales of the Orient and the Occident would have a great value, both
ideological and cultural, as an universal type of verbal philosophy.