The purposes of this study are to analyse the new roles of primary school teachers in the context of increased school autonomy and accountability and to propose the tasks of the primary teacher preparation education. Since the 1980s the school reform movement focused on reinforcing individual schools' autonomy and accountability and improving quality of schooling. With the increased school autonomy, the role of teachers in schools has changed from instructional to managerial and to political one and extended from within the classroom to a larger school context. Teachers are expected to have leadership roles in relation with the parents and colleagues and to participate in decision-making process in schools. In this respect, this study also analysed the government's School Autonomy Plan, which is made public last April, 2008, in the light of school governance and decentralization. As a result, the tasks of primary teacher preparation education are as follows : (1) Clarifying and sharing the vision, goal and future directions of primary teacher preparation education, (2) Redefining the role of primary school teacher's educational role and organizing learner-centered teacher education program, (3) reinforcing primary school teachers' competencies as a school improvement agent, (4) strengthening quality of primary teacher preparation education to develop teacher leadership