Entering the era of governance in the 21st century, Korea has experienced
remarkably increasing participation of the civil society, particularly NGOs, in
public policy and intensified demands for participation in the government's
policy for patriots and veterans affairs.
Despite the development of patriots and veterans supporting system in
quantity and quality, various sectors in Korean society have incessantly
demanded further expansion of the system and favorable policies for patriots
and veterans. Some civil groups even went into violent demonstrations.
The article proposes a state-centered governance model for the patriots and
veterans policy that could absorb the explosive desire for civil participation
and the greater demands by interest groups related to the system that
supports patriots and veterans, and enhance the public acceptance and the
legitimacy of the government policy, by institutionalizing civil participation
while maintaining the steering capability of the state.
The state-centered governance model refers to a policy network formed by
the government and non-governmental organizations with government's
initiatives in steering and coordinating national consent on a public good. In
general, governance means co-governing by the government and
non-governmental actors in which government's dominant role diminishes
while civil participation in the public sphere increases. It is, however, too early either to introduce the society-centered governance or to work on equal
terms between the government and non-government organizations in Korea
because the civil society in Korea is not mature so much as the ones in
advanced countries in Europe. Therefore, in the Korean context, the
state-centered governance model is more appropriate in order to limit and
settle conflicts resulted from individual pursuit of private good by
non-governmental actors, while guaranteeing civil participation in the
establishment of government's policy for patriots and veterans.
Such governance model not only strengthens the position of the policy
network for patriots and veterans affairs, based on cooperation and harmony
between the government and the civil society, but also enhances the
governing capacity in the phase of policy implementation, by absorbing
various interests of different social groups. The government, which relied
chiefly upon the official legal rights in the past, now can ultimately
consolidate its capacity to successfully develop and implement the policy for
patriots and veterans affairs by obtaining legitimacy through interactions with
the civil society and further promoting decentralization and democratization in
the policy making process.
The patriots and veterans supporting system in Korea has been fluctuated
by the natures of different regimes which have politically used it for their
own purpose. Particularly, the changing objectives of the system reflect the
chaotic state of Korean politics. Such changes and disorder in the
government's policy have made the public skeptical of the legitimacy of the
system for patriots and veterans and become a barrier to setting the patriotic
spirit and culture in the daily lives of the people of Korea. Now, the Roh Mu
Hyun administration that advocates "democracy with the public" as one of
the government's goals has an opportunity to change the structure of
decision-making in the patriots and veterans supporting system with the
participation of the civil society, thus overcoming the governments' monopoly
on the process in the past.